https://doi.org/10.37955/cs.v5i4.205

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eISSN: 2600-5743

Development of the Popular and

Solidarity Economy in Ecuador

2010 - 2019

Desarrollo de la Economía Popular y Solidaria

en el Ecuador 2010 – 2019

Joffre Edgar Boza Aguirre

Magister, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, La Troncal, Ecuador, jebozaa@ucacue.edu.ec

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-7348

Joffre Campoverde Saldaña

Magister, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, La Troncal, Ecuador, jrcampoverdes@ucacue.edu.ec

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-1738

Girabel Nathalia Ávila Manzano

Student, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, La Troncal, Ecuador, avilagirabel@ucacue.edu.ec

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-2591

Abstract

Ecuador has considered the Popular and Solidarity Economy (EPS) as

one of the best techniques to satisfy the economic needs that arise in

society, because this new form of organization allows to undertake and

improve the enterprises that have arisen, improving the economic

level of those who undertake. Therefore, several articles related to the

research topic have been reviewed in order to observe the development

that this economy has had in the last ten years in Ecuador. For this

reason, this work is descriptive in that it makes a critical review of

literature and applies a qualitative methodology, since it describes the

extent to which the economy has improved in Ecuador and emphasizes

the savings and credit cooperatives, which have had a successful

economic development in the last decade, since they have increased

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both their economic capital and their members, and there are

currently 887 cooperatives. These cooperatives have been

substantially important when it comes to approving loans for small

and medium entrepreneurs, because their interest rate is low and with

payment facilities, which has allowed the increase of enterprises in

different sectors, especially in rural areas.

Resumen

Ecuador ha considerado a la Economía Popular y Solidaria (EPS) como

una de las mejores técnicas para satisfacer la necesidad económica que

se presenta en la sociedad, debido que esta nueva forma de

organización permite emprender y mejorar los emprendimientos que

han surgido mejorando el nivel económico de quienes emprenden. Por

ello se ha revisado varios artículos relacionado a la temática de

investigación para poder observar el desarrollo que ha tenido esta

economía en los último diez años en el Ecuador. Por tal razón este

trabajo es de tipo descriptivo ya que hace una revisión crítica de

literatura y aplica una metodología cualitativa, pues se describe en qué

medida ha mejorado la economía en el Ecuador y se hace énfasis a las

cooperativas de ahorro y crédito quienes han tenido un exitoso

desarrollo económico en la última década, ya que han aumentado

tanto su capital económico, como sus socios, y actualmente hay 887

cooperativas. Estas cooperativas han sido sustancialmente

importantes a la hora de aprobar créditos para los pequeños y

medianos emprendedores, porque su tasa de interés es baja y con

facilidades de pago, lo que ha permitido el aumento de

emprendimientos en diferentes sectores especialmente en los rurales.

Palabras clave/ Keywords

Popular and solidarity economy, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs,

savings and credit cooperatives.

Economía popular y solidaria, emprendimiento, emprendedores,

cooperativas de ahorro y crédito.

Introduction

"The solidarity economy movement in Latin America has been

included in the arguments of communitarianism. As what happened

with respect to Anglo-Saxon communitarianism, the solidarity

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economy is formed with identity opposed to individualism and liberal

perspectives on economic matters" (León, 2019, p25).

Ecuador has considered the Popular and Solidarity Economy (EPS) as

one of the best techniques to satisfy the economic needs of society,

since it has been considered an alternative economic model in the

country, because this new form of organization has allowed the

country's inhabitants to undertake and thus help themselves

economically and help society by creating new sources of work for the

population.

Orellana-OrellanaOet al., considers ꞌꞌThe popular and solidarity

economy as an entity open to all public, in charge of economic and

social inclusion, with national jurisdiction, endowed with legal

personality ꞌꞌ(2018, p. 84).

While it is known that savings and credit cooperatives are one of the

outlets that businesses use to develop, this is due to the ease of

payment and the low interest rate on loans, but some businesses are

unaware of the benefits of being a member of savings and credit

cooperatives, This is why not all have been able to progress in the same

way due to various unforeseen expenses that may arise in the course

of time, so many ventures decide to close and in turn generates

unemployment of those who worked in those ventures, and this has

produced a rise and fall in the development of ventures in the country

during the period 2010-2019.

For this reason, the objective of this research work is to determine the

level of development of the popular and solidarity economy in Ecuador

during the aforementioned period, making a theoretical

conceptualization of the Popular and Solidarity Economy, to

determine how beneficial the savings and credit cooperatives have

been by analyzing their development.

The popular and solidarity economy itself is a voluntary grouping of a

group of people whose purpose is to strengthen their capital to meet

their social and economic aspirations by working fairly for the benefit

of all, creating a culture of good and peace.

Since 2011, through the Law of Popular and Solidarity Economy, the

EPS is recognized as a form of economic order in which its members,

either separately or in groups, coordinate and carry out events of

production, exchange, marketing, financing and consumption of

property and services through links according to solidarity, The

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purpose of the Organic Law of Popular and Solidarity Economy

(LOEPS) is to distinguish, promote and strengthen the popular and

solidarity economy and the popular and solidarity financial sector in

its activity and linkage with other sectors of the economy and the State,

In addition, it seeks to strengthen the practices of the EPS that are

developed in the communes, communities, peoples and nationalities,

and in their productive economic entities to achieve the Sumak

Kawsay, for this reason, the LOEPS establishes a common legal

framework for natural and legal persons that integrate the EPS and the

financial, popular and solidarity sector, according to the

aforementioned Law, it is intended to apply the regime of rights,

responsibilities and benefits of the people and institutions applied to

this mandate and, set the public institutionality that will carry out the

steering, regulation, control, promotion and accompaniment.

Ancestral practices have also been of great importance for the

country's economy, since over time they have been a fundamental

basis for the development of popular and solidarity economy, it is true

that the Andean culture is a key in this economic model, since in the

construction of institutionality the practices of social and solidarity

economy could be considered as a result of government action and not

as they are in reality (Romero, 2016, p. 234).

According to the Organic Law of Popular and Solidarity Economy, the

organizations of this sector are guided by the following principles:

The search for the good life and the common good: it is a matter of

finding the common joy of the obligations of all its members.

The priority of labor over capital and of collective interests over

individual interests: their preference is for labor and collective

benefits, so that their agreement is with the community.

Fair trade and ethical and responsible consumption: This trade is

focused on dialogue, transparency and respect that seeks greater

equality in international trade.

Gender equity: Authorizes gender inclusion without discriminating

against women's skills and abilities.

Respect for cultural identity: There is no isolation or discrimination

for the different cultures of each of the participating members. Self-

management: There is democratic and participatory self-

management, self-control and self-responsibility.

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Social and environmental responsibility, solidarity and accountability:

It maintains agreements with the community and the environment by

providing them with services or solutions.

Equitable and solidary distribution of surpluses: The distribution of

surpluses with its members is equitable without prevailing the

individual use.

According to Gil et al.(2010) this economy is fundamental for those

small businesses that in one way or another want to achieve success,

associating with a group of people in order to get out of poverty

together and benefit the community. According toOsvaldo(2014) it is

tablece as principles are fundamental in any organization to make

known to all members of a society in which it is based the work to be

done, their aspirations, their interests and goals to be achieved in that

organization. In research such as those of Castelao(2016); Molina et

al. (2010); Sanchez (2016) establish that the meaning that, through

principles and characteristics, the organizations regulated under the

popular and solidarity economy, is clearly differentiated from private

entities, based on this, it can be said that the popular and solidarity

sector, is concerned with ensuring the rights of the member in an

equitable manner.

In the analysis made by Ceballos(2015) to Article 283 of the

Constitution, the legal framework of the EPS existing in Ecuador

allows the aforementioned sector to be made visible and therefore

considered as a fundamental axis of the country's development. For

Pliego(2014) describes that when the Organic Law of Popular and

Solidarity Economy and its Regulations were published in 2012, the

Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy was created with

the objective of contributing to the Good Living of its members and the

community in general. Thus, the economic system is social and

solidary, and is integrated by public, private, mixed, popular and

solidary forms of organization.

Materials and Methods

This work carried out the information gathering through the

methodology of bibliographic review, the database of the Catholic

University of Cuenca was used to elaborate it, in addition several

documents were selected, this method was used to evaluate the

development that the popular and solidarity economy has had in the

last decade, allowing the generation of new sources of work. Also, it

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was considered those authors who speak specifically of the

development that this economic model has had in the last decade, for

this reason this study aims to inform and guide, Ecuadorian citizens,

about the benefits and advantages provided by the popular and

solidarity economy, and how imparts this is for the economic

development of Ecuador, in addition, various research articles and

magazines have been found for the in-depth study of the Popular and

Solidarity economy in Ecuador.

Results

Universities with historical heritage have had processes not exempt of

problems and particularities in the conformation of their diverse

expressions. On many occasions we witness the in situ assessment of

restorations of imposing facades or monuments that are only small

reflections of the University Cultural Heritage (hereinafter PCU), in

which movable and immovable assets such as architecture,

archaeological sites, works of art, manuscripts, books and other

objects of artistic, historical or archaeological interest are mixed, as

well as scientific collections of all kinds, assets of ethnological value,

technical documentary or of any other cultural nature regardless of

their origin or owner. (Diaz, 2012, p.125)

The PCU is not exhausted in the purely historical, artistic or material,

also its intangible heritage has been the result of the creative activities

of the university community, cultural traditions, sports, religious and

today are preserved with the responsible use of the historical memory

that houses the university in every corner. Within this intangible

heritage, the documentary support constitutes a legacy for humanity,

and its protection, dissemination and enrichment depends on

everyone. (Dorado & Hernández, 2015)

Universities as model centers of education through their libraries or

information centers have the unavoidable mission of sensitizing and

raising awareness among the university community and the rest of

society about the protection of their cultural heritage. However, at

present, the functions of university libraries need to be updated in

accordance with the trends and needs that contemporary heritage

demands, so that they can develop sensitive experiences,

communication strategies and educational alliances that empower the

communities and the surrounding population.

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In the midst of all these expressions of heritage, one aspect is vital

today, we refer to the preservation of historical documentation in the

university environment, mostly reduced to remain in their archival

institutions, libraries and offices. This heritage is complex, and its

degrees of conservation vary according to the management

implemented by the higher education institutions, the knowledge of

the personnel designated for these functions, the investment in

technology or materials for these purposes and the will of preservation

existing in the authorities.

Foster (1995) goes deeper into these issues by proposing the

composition of the documentary heritage in those informative

elements and documents that are carriers of transcendental data for

the current development of the academic, pedagogical and research

purposes of the university; as well as those that contemplate in their

content some transcendental fact; describe a proven, authentic and

reliable relationship that is part of those events that have had a direct

impact on the development of the university, and have a relevant

influence on the process of its social development (academic

publications, prints, audiocassettes, videocassettes, tapes, CD's,

DVD's, maps, cartographic references, etc.)

Although this conceptualization includes more contemporary

expressions, a large part of these documentary treasures are related to

collections that may date back centuries based on documents that

include university council minutes, rector's resolutions, academic

records, photographic collections, pamphlets or rare and valuable

books. In many cases, it has been observed that some institutions have

lost important collections due to mismanagement, infrastructure

problems or dangers caused by humidity and neglect.

Along with these collections we cannot fail to mention that much of the

documentation that is currently being generated constitutes in itself a

new contribution to this documentary heritage, inevitably connecting

universities with the future knowledge society that can be generated

from academic, research or community outreach processes

(Takayanagui, 2014).

With the development of science and technology and the application

of new technologies, there has been an explosion of documents and a

diversification of the media containing information. As León (2006)

explains, there has not been a proportional increase in the amount of

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space available for storage, which makes it necessary to seek formulas

that do not require a large physical expansion.

Universities in developing countries have not been exempt from the

evolutionary process of information supports, nor from the

consequences derived from the contemporary scientific, technological

and documentary explosion, but their efforts to alleviate this

phenomenon are slow and complex due to the serious economic

difficulties suffered by some nations. As a result of these conditions,

documents with supports in different materials coexist in university

libraries and archives, due to the historical juxtaposition of the

carriers, which has caused documents of scientific, historical or artistic

value created in the past to require efficient restoration. This is an

excessively time-consuming activity and requires a large amount of

resources and highly qualified personnel. Given these circumstances,

it is recommended to strive to create the ideal conditions for proper

preventive conservation of documents, as well as to provide staff with

the necessary knowledge for this arduous task and invest the few

resources available in taking all appropriate measures to prevent the

deterioration of the supports and the loss of the information they

contain. (Palma, 2013)

In parallel, heritage conservation management cannot be divorced

from social uses and the links imposed by science and technology

today, which must stimulate a process that goes beyond the mere

restoration of conserved goods. It is not only a problem of material and

physical conservation but also of the involvement of those who

preserve the memory and help to define the historical conscience of a

society and the valuation of its own path.

This is connected with a trend that currently defends from the

perspective of the librarian field the open access to the information

heritage for its institutionalization within the legal frameworks of

universities. This is based on an operational model that can be

coordinated by university and specialized libraries that aims to

sustain, manifest and regulate such access as a right of citizens and

institutions, promote the use of the information heritage, encourage

the autonomy of open access, disseminate the value and usefulness of

open access to scientific and humanistic information for social

benefits, among others (Palma, 2013).

Management of University Documentary Heritage: fundamental

issues.

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Cultural management is powerfully influenced by the changing and

diverse contemporary environment. Among the characteristics of the

times that influence the performance of management are: mercantile,

financial and cultural globalization, the accelerated development of

communications, computerization and transportation, the sharpening

of economic, technological and social inequalities, the concentration

of economic power outside the state, the increase in ethnic conflicts

and migration processes, the deterioration of the environment and the

acceleration of processes of cultural homogenization and the

destruction of identities.

These characteristics, which imply uncertainty in management

processes, are present in the complex realities of underdeveloped

countries and pose a challenge for the preservation of our common

heritage. The cultural management of heritage responds to a global

coverage, where the fields of cultural administration (planning,

coordination, direction and evaluation) and the dimensions of cultural

activities (animation, creation, preservation, dissemination) are

combined, ensuring an adequate and efficient development of policies

both in macro social systems and in those related to the behavior of

entities, programs or specific projects of the sector. (UNESCO, 2003)

The projections of heritage management cannot be disconnected from

cultural policies, Garcia (1999) identifies the complexity of this process

as a:

set of interventions carried out by the State, civil institutions and

organized community groups in order to orient symbolic

development, satisfy the cultural needs of the population, and

obtain consensus for a type of order or social transformation.

(p.18)

In this sense, cultural policies constitute the symbolic unity of a nation,

the distinctions, divisions and links within it and with respect to other

nations, and heritage management constitutes a broad process that

involves different networks, actors and interactions. Thus the

conceptualization of management and conservation of the PCU is

expressed as a conscious process, which establishes purposes and

commitments of the subjects involved to promote learning and

attitudes. (González et. al, 2018)

The management of the PCU must take into account these external

conditions without losing sight of certain deficiencies that must be

overcome internally, mainly associated with the management and

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preservation of its assets, which can be summarized in the following

aspects:

Lack of knowledge and non-observance of current legislation on the

protection of cultural heritage by those responsible for its

preservation. The legal systems include a wide range of legal

provisions that implement the political interest of the State to protect

its heritage, but their regulation and implementation has different

nuances within the public and private sectors.

Incomprehension’s in the design of an institutional policy with respect

to the management, handling and preservation of university heritage

aimed at guaranteeing its identification, protection and dissemination,

not only within the university community but also outside of it.

Lack of knowledge of the totality of the heritage assets of the

universities, specifically those of a documentary nature such as

reports, offices, memorandums, books, articles, journals, book

chapters, papers, theses, among others: it is presumed that some of

these are not identified, which implies a lack of knowledge of their

characteristics, state of conservation and historical-heritage value and

hinders the execution of concrete actions with respect to their

safeguarding.

Problems with the state of conservation of cultural heritage: due to

factors such as climate, age, dust and partial or total damage, deficient

training of those responsible, among others. There are a large number

of assets that are in a poor state of conservation, which is detrimental

to their durability. In the specific case of heritage documentation,

these require conservation conditions that are sometimes very costly -

such as air conditioning-, qualified personnel for handling and

maintenance, the necessary equipment for image and/or sound

reproduction, conservation units and adequate furniture for special

materials, just to mention some of the shortcomings.

Within all these requirements, documentary heritage constitutes a

fundamental nucleus. The documentary wealth contains material not

only related to the universities that preserve them, but to the history

of each country, it must be organized in such a functional way that it

helps us to understand more about our past, this process of revaluation

of effective strategies must take into account the uses of science and

technology where an ethical and social responsibility of the scientists

responsible for them prevails. (Morte & Esteban, 2019)

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The relationship Science-Technology-Conservation of University

Documentary Heritage.

PCU management must evolve in correspondence with the archival

reality worldwide. This situation leads us to the application of the so-

called hybrid systems, which means producing, storing and

maintaining documents on paper and other media that technology

offers us, such as microfilm or electronic media, so that at this point of

convergence to ensure the preservation of archival documents for as

long as they are needed. Hybrid systems are used as a way of

guaranteeing the preservation of information, so as not to have

problems in the attention of citizens and the legal order in general that

public documents support (León, 2006).

The universities are destined to adopt a system for the management of

their documentary heritage in which the preservation and integrity of

all electronic records and traditional archival documents are

complemented in an efficient way and with the transparency of their

free access.

Management, seen in a multifunctional sense, should connect the

university documentary heritage with knowledge, rather it should be

treated, for the sake of accuracy, as a management of internal and

external organizational information for the generation of new

collections that will influence the development of products and

services with high added value, because knowledge can only be

managed converted into information, gathered, processed, organized,

stored and disseminated through databases, shared information

networks, virtual communities, among other contemporary means of

data and information transfer.

In the new university educational models, information,

documentation and knowledge management is emerging as a strategic

component of the first magnitude. The traditional orientation of the

tactical nature of information or documentation management projects

changes when it is considered a true component of the educational

strategy. The sustained growth in the training of professionals in these

areas of knowledge has been of great importance in this regard,

although unfortunately there are great differences between countries.

We must not lose sight of the necessary links that must exist between

documentary heritage and the social function of knowledge, as Bernal

(1939) announced:

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To ensure the knowledge base that will allow the construction on

rational bases of a national project based on the traditions, values,

interests and expectations of the people.

To extend and turn into a collective patrimony the capacity of thought

that allows us to confront dogmatism, mysticism, irrationality, the

uncritical acceptance of interpretations and projects that are not

supported by practical experience and lack scientific and cultural

foundations that are duly argued.

Strengthen national self-awareness through the in-depth study of

national history and culture, where the care of the documentary base

itself, contained in archives and databases, is fundamental.

Ability to develop, based on knowledge, public deliberation of the

issues that most interest the nation and its citizens. The discussion and

evaluation of public policies, the exercise of social criticism, are

constituent elements of a truly participatory democracy that

encourages the exercise of a committed citizenship.

Education in general and the technical preparation of workers allow

for a reasonable technological learning capacity that makes possible

the functioning and development of the productive sector.

Productivity has cultural roots and labor performance is not

indifferent to educational and technical capacity. Any strategy

implemented in universities for the protection of their documentary

heritage lacks the basic support if they do not have the right people to

deal with the technologies and their scientific backing.

Maintain a receptive and at the same time critical and selective

attitude towards the cultural, scientific and technological production

that circulates in the global world today. In a world where a truly

overwhelming volume of information circulates, there is a great deal

of knowledge available. A good part of the problems that affect society

require technical resources that it will not be necessary to create. It

may seem a simple task, but the mere ability to search, find, select and

adapt is actually a complex and highly creative task.

The strategies for the fulfillment of this series of objectives in the

documentary heritage management process must be based on the

profound technological revolution we are living through, and as part

of it, the introduction and appropriate use of both computers and

various computer products. The new information technologies have

definitely brought about a profound change in the working methods of

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any type of professional and in any work carried out in the so-called

information society. It is a fact, unanimously accepted, that a social

and cultural transformation has taken place that is giving rise to a new

industrial environment and new cultural forms of relationship and

personal and group intercommunication.

The aforementioned transformation continues to affect all

professional fields and their fields of application: commerce, finance,

services, entertainment, training, social media, editing-publishing...

and, obviously, the field of archives, libraries and university

information and documentation centers and services.

Consequently, communicators, information professionals in general

and documentalists have a new role to play in the era of electronic

information, characterized by digitization, integration and

globalization, as an immense universal data network or World Wide

Web. The network of networks, the Internet (and its derivations,

Intranet/Extranet), is therefore presented as a new means of

communication, as the current instrument par excellence for the

reception, consultation, production and dissemination of information

of all kinds. (Serrano, 2020)

We are in a digital era, at a time when the available technologies of

image and sound digitization, robotics and management of large

databases and networks allow any professional in different fields of

work to consult all kinds of information, produce their own content,

digitize their material and integrate it into a complex system of remote

access and dissemination. (Leija et. al, 2020)

Nowadays, with the development of science and technology and the

application of new information and communication technologies

(NICT), there has been an explosion of documents and a

diversification of the media that contain information.

As Bustelo(2019) refers:

In this context, when organizations begin the process of digital

transformation that inevitably implies that paper documents

cease to exist, we are forced to make explicit new conventions

that allow us to understand and define what an "electronic

document" is and, with this change, new spaces are opened to

establish new good practices to manage them. (p. 4)

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In addition, various duplication techniques have been developed, such

as facsimile reproduction, photocopying, microfilming, photography

and digitization, among others, which facilitate the preservation of

original documents by limiting access by users. With gradual work

based on these experiences, a preservationist culture can be generated

among users. (Cascón-Katchadourian et. al, 2018).

NICTs should constitute a fundamental support for the management

of the PCU; they have improved the search, storage, retrieval and

dissemination of information, streamlining and improving access and

service to users. However, there has not been a proportional increase

in storage space, which makes it necessary to seek formulas that do not

require a large physical expansion.

Digital technology promises to be one of the possible solutions to this

problem because of the advantages it offers, but the process of

digitization of collections is a complex and costly process that requires

strategic decisions by the institutional management. Although

digitization offers the possibility of storing, managing and

disseminating a large volume of information, rapid retrieval of

accurate information and online access, it is a relatively new

technology and some aspects remain to be resolved, which are still

controversial and, rather than disadvantages, constitute challenges

that will have to be solved in the near future (León, 2006).

Among these challenges are the high initial investment, the longevity

of the media used is short compared to that of quality paper, the

technology used for storage and retrieval of information becomes

obsolete relatively quickly and backward compatibility is often limited,

the necessary refreshment or migration of stored data to a new

medium and the renewal of technology in relatively short periods, the

need for renewal of the technologies used the digitization project is

expensive and the invulnerability to certain deterioration factors is not

fully demonstrated. The existence of fungus species that affect

compact discs is known.

Many other advantages and disadvantages could be mentioned in the

use of this technology, but the main thing is that it is a tool, not an end

in itself, and the success of digitization programs lies in knowing how

to use it to achieve the proposed objectives.

Attention should also be paid to the importance of using technology

not only for the digitization of documentary and bibliographic

collections, but also for the creation of databases, the use of the

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Internet and repositories for the dissemination of the university's

documentary heritage, all this in close connection with the training

and specialization of specialized personnel. It is essential to take into

account the strategies of communication, dissemination and training

of the public and the students that interact in the university with the

use of blogs, web pages, brochures and the intervention in radio and

TV to promote values in different social sectors. Likewise, a necessary

bridge is built with the outside world in the search for agreements and

resources to acquire technology to facilitate preventive conservation,

cataloging and dissemination of documentary heritage and everything

that derives from it in terms of research. (Macías & Bujardón, 2010;

Quirós & Polo, 2018).

For this type of situation, awareness-raising (understanding by

awareness-raising the work of dissemination and extension of

scientific knowledge by the university community that carries out

research in the territory comprising the heritage to the local

community, with the advice of personnel qualified in such tasks) is

considered as a way of counteracting the negative effect of the exercise

of ignorance about the potential for scientific and economic

development of the heritage. In this sense, complementary actions are

needed, for example: the aforementioned work of dissemination and

extension of the acquired knowledge.

The processes of heritage interpretation and management are -

currently a new discipline in the development of heritage enterprises,

in order to resolve a major dilemma: to enhance the value of heritage

and its conservation, while at the same time allowing a deep

understanding of its various expressions with benefits for the

communities that carry it.

Within the framework of the implementation of a responsible

management of documentary heritage, it is necessary to involve

various social actors and institutions to promote scientific research

based on the management and dissemination of knowledge as a

significant resource. In this process that arises from the use of

university documentary heritage, academic exchanges with scientists

and specialists from other universities can be stimulated to break any

kind of cultural obstacle in function of a responsible and modern

management of documentary heritage linked to technology and

science. (Garcia et. al, 2018).

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In the spirit of cultivating social responsibility to protect and

disseminate the university documentary heritage, another series of

actions can be taken into account, such as arranged and guided visits

to show the different collections within the archives or libraries,

determining in advance the type of people to be visited, their academic

level, age and purpose, among others. Each group will be made aware

of the importance of the university's documentary heritage for them

and for society in general and how they can use it for educational,

personal or research purposes.

Another type of activity is that of pedagogical services that consist of

the interaction that should exist between the university and

educational centers (schools, universities), promoting the educational

dimension that archives and libraries can fulfill, based on the use of

their collections for didactic purposes. In this way, it will be possible

to stimulate reflection and critical thinking among students by

bringing them closer to their immediate reality through documents in

workshops or information literacy courses.

Conclusions

After conducting a literature review analysis, it was observed that the

popular and solidarity economy itself is a voluntary grouping of a

group of people whose purpose is to strengthen their capital to meet

their social and economic aspirations by working fairly for the benefit

of all, creating a culture of good and peace. In addition, it contributes

to the social and economic development of natural persons, but,

prioritizing the Pymes at the moment of attributing credits and that its

main priority, is the well-being of its partners, for which they are a

fundamental part for the taking of important decisions. They have also

had a successful economic development in the last decade, since they

have increased both their economic capital and their members, and

currently there are 887 cooperatives.

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